Thesis lesson plans

Extracts from this document. A major cause of the 1917 Russian Revolution, was the living conditions of the Peasants and the Proletariat. These conditions lead to thesis lesson violent riots and writing, strikes ( both food and wage) in Petrograd. Thesis. There were a number of research paper maker, food, housing and fuel shortages. The people were suffering for many years and as they were illiterate, they knew no better. Leading up to 1917, there were various famines in Russia. People were starving , whilst the Tsar had plenty of food to spare. The famines threatened the large cities that were increasing due to urbanisation. Thesis Lesson Plans. Demonstrations were held, with the main demand being for dissertation chapter bread. These demonstrations were supported by 90, 000 striking men and women. Thesis Lesson. . Research Paper Citation. read more. The food supplies continued to decrease. The transport system became disorganised. For example, the railway network was carrying military supplies and couldn't serve cities. Nicolas II owned more than half the lesson plans, land in Russia. The Tsar and the landlords together owned 95% of the land. Proposal. With this, the price rises and shortage of heating material, there was little or no way for the two lower classes to thesis escape from poverty. The most significant strikes occurred during February 1917. The first took place on 23rd February, International Women's Day. Women factory workers went on strike demanding bread, peace and liberty. Soon 385,000 of the cities proletariat were on strike. There were no casualties this day but this would soon change. . Thesis For Research Steroids. read more. If the soldiers hadn't done this, no one could imagine what would have happened. The deaths and strikes may have continued for much longer or the thesis lesson, revolution may have failed. On February 27th, the dissertation outline, revolution succeeded. Who would be the next Russian rulers, the Soviets or the Bolsheviks? . Thesis Lesson. The living conditions and strikes had a large impact on the fall of Nicholas II. First. He was both weak and thesis lesson, greedy and these lead to his down fall. First In English. He didn't listen to the people or attempt to thesis lesson plans fix any of the problems. The food shortages, strikes and the mutiny of the tip on a persuasive, soldiers, all played an important role in the development of the revolution. Above: Nicolas had money to spare. This is one example, of lesson plans, just how much money the Tsar had. - Border Mail Saturday 23rd March 2002. . read more. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Russia, USSR 1905-1941 section. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month. Join over 1.2 million students every month Accelerate your learning by literature, 29% Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month. Related GCSE Russia, USSR 1905-1941 essays. What were the causes of the Russian Revolution in March 1917? Between 1906 and 1914, there was an industrial boom in Russia. Total industrial production increased by lesson plans, 100% between 1905 and 1914. Russia became the world's fourth largest producer of coal, pig iron and steel. Many of the factories were very efficient, using the most updated methods of outline, mass production. How Significant Was Leon Trotsky's Role In the plans, October/November Russian Revolution In 1917. numerous weeks Trotsky appeared before sold-out audiences delivering speeches that denounced the halfway measures of the citation, Provisional Government. Plans. Communication is where Trotsky excelled far beyond his fellow collaborators. Proposal. He was able to captivate audiences of any size with his radical ideas and piercing logic.5 His support gained as he clearly. How did living conditions change in towns as a result of the Industrial Revolution . quickly , since the generation of ideas would have been much slower . The development of steam power had lead onto lesson plans many aspects of the Revolution , especially the trains which was vital to the Revolution . Though trains had come after a short period of when canals were used . b) Why did the Russian provisional government fail? Many Historians believe that the failure of the Provisional Government in Russia was through little fault of their own, and it was only a matter of time before its collapse. However, the writing a persuasive, bulk of the evidence suggests that their demise was due to a large quantity of poor decisions on their part. How and why did the Bolsheviks seize power in 1917? Bolshevik-led protests against the war turned into a rebellion. But When Kerensky produced evidence that Lenin had been helped by the Germans, support fell. Lenin, in disguise, fled to Finland. This was no recipe for a "Russian road to socialism". On the lesson plans, contrary. It was always linked to the perspective of world revolution. Nevertheless, it was an attempt to grapple with the isolation of the workers' state encircled by hostile capitalist powers. Three things they currently weren't getting. Although the source is not clear itself, it looks as there is support from the army Source D is an estimate of the number of workers on strike in Petrograd during 1917 compiled by a British historian released in the 1980's. Analyse how far WW1 caused the Russian Revolution. (Ben Walsh 108) Evaluation of Sources Ben Walsh?s ?GCSE Modern World History? provides clear explanations to what caused the Russian Revolution. Its purpose was that it provided several key concepts such as tensions building up before the war and ece thesis, what happened during the course of the war itself. of student written work Annotated by. experienced teachers Ideas and feedback to. improve your own work. Marked by lesson, Teachers, The Student Room and Get Revising are all trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. TurnItIn – the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: Want to read the rest? Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month. Looking for expert help with your History work? Created by teachers, our study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to know.

The College of Education, Health and Human Development offers a number of online-based postgraduate courses, ideal for teachers who want to thesis upgrade or extend their existing qualifications and other graduate professionals with an interest in education or health. Our programmes are offered on campus or by ece thesis proposal distance study. We offer a highly supportive, vibrant environment in which to undertake postgraduate study, taught by academics who are recognised both nationally and internationally as leading scholars and researchers in thesis lesson plans, their fields. They are dedicated to supporting and mentoring students in all levels of chapter, their study and in their research. Graduate Certificate in Sport Coaching. The Graduate Certificate in Sport Coaching can be studied full time over six months or part time for up to four years. It is delivered through online distance study, enabling students to fit Sport Coaching studies around their busy professional and personal lives. The GradCertSpC provides practicing coaches and those employed in the sports industry the opportunity to develop their professional coaching skills. The GradCertSpC is thesis lesson plans also available to students who are not currently employed in the industry, but wish to develop skills and competencies to gain employment in Performance Sports Coaching contexts. Bachelor of Arts with Honours (Education) The Honours programme is for students who want another year of specialised study in Education and Human Development after completing a BA degree. Chapter. It allows students to lesson plans develop their research skills in preparation for research paper citation maker embarking on thesis work within the thesis lesson MA or PhD degrees. Bachelor of first, Teaching and Learning with Honours. The BTchLn(Hons) is thesis plans a one-year full-time qualification for BTchLn (or equivalent) graduates with a B-grade average in their 200 and 300-level courses. You Essay. The BTchLn(Hons) develops knowledge and research skills to equip you for further study and improve your classroom/centre practice, provides you with the opportunity to focus on educational issues or curriculum areas in which you have special interests, and makes you more competitive in the job market. Postgraduate Certificate in Education. The PGCertEd gives teachers, counsellors and other educational professionals the opportunity to improve their professional practice and examine critically significant issues in education. The certificate can be a pathway to the Postgraduate Diploma in Education and lesson the Master of Education . Postgraduate Certificate in Health Sciences. UC's Health Sciences qualifications give health professionals, non-clinical members of the health workforce and outline others interested in the health sector or health issues the opportunity to examine critically a range of significant issues in health sciences, and where relevant to improve their professional practice. Many graduates continue to work within their health profession while others work in health-related fields, the social services, or local or central government. The PGCertHealSc is designed to provide an introduction to the health science sector. The certificate can stand on its own or can be a pathway to the Postgraduate Diploma in Health Sciences and lesson Master of love, Health Sciences . Postgraduate Certificate in Palliative Care. The PGCertPC develops health practitioner’s skills in palliative care and introduces palliative care as a research field. Students gain the knowledge and understanding needed to provide a holistic approach to the assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of the needs of plans, patients, family and whanau living with a life-limiting condition. Postgraduate Certificate in Specialist Teaching. The PGCertSpecTchg certificate provides students with a strong appreciation of specialist teaching as an interdisciplinary field of practice and the ability to apply their specialist teaching knowledge and skills in diverse cultural context. It comprises one compulsory course and one course focusing on either deaf and hard of hearing, early intervention or learning and behaviour. Postgraduate Certificate in research paper citation, Sport Science (new in 2018) The Postgraduate Certificate in Sport Science will require 60 points with one compulsory course. It will have both Semester One and Two intakes. Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (PGCertTESOL) The Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (PGCertTESOL) is an ideal fast-track qualification for those who may have come to the career of English language education through an indirect route and wish to undertake professional development or for graduates interested in entering the TESOL profession. Thesis. It is also an ideal pathway to further postgraduate study in you essay, this discipline. The programme is composed of two courses: Postgraduate Certificate in Tertiary Teaching. The courses in lesson plans, the PGCertTertTchg look beyond the focus of a specific department or knowledge area and consider academic practices from various disciplines. Throughout this programme, a process of shared inquiry and chapter outline quantitative collaborative learning is used to explore participants’ teaching practices and their students’ understanding of thesis lesson plans, learning. The Postgraduate Certificate in Tertiary Teaching is designed to enable graduates to ece thesis apply knowledge of research to teaching and learning, develop and justify a repertoire of thesis, teaching approaches and assessment practices, and evaluate and advance their teaching practices. Postgraduate Diploma in Child and Family Psychology. The PGDipChFamPsyc is designed for students who wish to become registered psychologists and practice as child and family psychologists. It is offered as an internship year to students who already hold a (MEd) in Child and Family Psychology. It leads to registration as a psychologist with the New Zealand Psychologists’ Board. Postgraduate Diploma in Education. The PGDipEd is designed to give teachers, counsellors and you essay other educational professionals the opportunity to improve their professional practice and thesis lesson examine critically significant issues in education. It generally consists of four courses totalling 120 points. Each specialist endorsement has different compulsory and optional courses: An unendorsed pathway is first also available. Many students of the thesis plans Postgraduate Diploma in Education make the choice to complete an additional two courses to be awarded the Master of Education. Some PGDipEd courses are exclusively available by distance learning options. Postgraduate Diploma in Health Sciences. The PGDipHealSc is aimed at people who are currently employed in, or seeking employment in, a health-related field, the tip on essay social services, or local or central government. An inter-disciplinary programme, students will complete a programme of advanced study in the Health Sciences choosing from courses in lesson, over twenty disciplines, with the option of a particular focus in environment and health, early intervention, health behaviour change or health information management. Postgraduate Diploma in Specialist Teaching. The University of Canterbury in partnership with Massey University now offers a Postgraduate Diploma in Specialist Teaching. This qualification adopts an inquiry-based interprofessional learning model. It employs a range of distance and blended delivery options that provide a range of flexible learning options for all students regardless of location. Five specialist endorsements will be offered - Early Intervention; Deaf and why i love you essay Hard of Hearing; Learning and Behaviour; Complex Educational Needs; Autism Spectrum Disorder; and Blind and Vision Impaired. The PGDipSpTch employs a range of distance and blended delivery options that provide flexible learning options for all students regardless of location. Postgraduate Diploma in Sport Science (new in 2018) The Postgraduate Diploma in lesson plans, Sport Science (*subject to CUAP approval, due August 2017) will require 120 points, with two compulsory courses and two elective courses. A Persuasive Essay. It will have both Semester One and lesson Two intakes. The MA in ece thesis proposal, Education consists of four courses and a thesis. It is designed to lesson give students the opportunity to develop and extend their research skills to address questions of interest in chapter outline, education. Master of Computer-Assisted Language Learning. This 180-point Master of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (MCALL) prepares language teachers to make optimal, research-informed use of technology in their classrooms, and paves the way for further development. Thesis Lesson Plans. Students anywhere in the world can study this online programme either full time or part time. In just 12 months of full time study (part time options are available) graduates can gain a level 9 Master degree at the University of Canterbury. MCALL students will learn about the history and dissertation chapter outline current state of technology-enhanced language learning and teaching and critically evaluate the body of research that has investigated this important shift in the way we can learn, teach and use languages. Graduates of the programme will have the knowledge and skills they require to be able to judiciously introduce technology-enhanced learning of languages in a variety of thesis lesson, educational settings from early childhood to tertiary. As education settings and the wider community gain unprecedented access to connectivity and technology, the challenge is the increased need for educators who are able to use the essayist in english technology for thesis learning. There is why i a demand from educators in English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) in lesson, NZ and worldwide for knowledge about and skills in the use of technology. The MEd degree is designed to first in english literature give teachers, counsellors or other educational professionals the opportunity to improve their professional practice, examine critically significant issues in education or undertake research in their fields of interest. The MEd has seven specialist endorsements. Each specialist endorsement has different compulsory and optional courses: The Master of Education can be completed either by coursework or a combination of courses and thesis. Each specialist endorsement has different compulsory and optional courses which can be viewed in each endorsement brochure. The coursework option generally consists of thesis, six courses totalling 180 points. The thesis option generally consists of two courses in love you essay, the endorsed area, two further research methods course and a 90 point thesis (EDEM 690) in the area of your endorsement, totalling 180 points. Masters Thesis Students should refer to the College of Education, Health and Human Development Masters Thesis Enrolment Process. For more information and initial endorsement, inquiries email educationadvice@canterbury.ac.nz or phone +64 3 369 3333 to make an thesis lesson appointment. The Master of Counselling degree comprises five postgraduate papers and research paper citation maker a three-paper professional research portfolio or thesis. Plans. A solution-focused model of counselling forms the basis of the Master of Counselling at UC. You will learn about the why i love theoretical underpinnings of solution-focused counselling; social constructionism and become skilled in using appropriate solution-focused thinking and techniques. Graduates work as school counsellors, family therapists, health counsellors, career counsellors, tertiary counsellors, consultants, managers and counsellor educators. They work in community agencies, private practice, medical centres and schools. The MHealSc is aimed at thesis lesson people who are currently employed in, or seeking employment in, a health-related field, the social services, or local or central government. An inter-disciplinary programme, students will complete a programme of advanced study in research paper, the Health Sciences choosing from lesson, courses in over twenty disciplines, with the option of a particular focus in environment and health, early intervention, health behaviour change or health information management. Master of Health Sciences Professional Practice. The MHealScProfPr is a 180-point, professionally focused, coursework-based master's degree. This degree will appeal to statement those already employed in the health sector or those wishing to enter health-related employment, with students examining a range of significant issues in plans, health sciences, and looking to improve their professional practice as a result. Statement For Research. Students will be asked to critically reflect, to link theory to policy and practice in their own work contexts, and to develop strategies and skills that will help them to identify improvements to their own health practices. Students may either follow a general programme, or focus on a specialisation and receive their qualification endorsed in Environment and Health, Health Behaviour Change, Health and Community, Health Information Management, Nursing or Palliative Care. These endorsements allow professionals to gain a highly specialised, discipline-specific knowledge related to their work or area of interest. Master of Health Sciences Professional Practice and plans Bachelor of Nursing initiative. The Master of Health Sciences and Bachelor of Nursing joint initiative between the University of Canterbury (UC) and Ara gives the opportunity for students who already hold a degree relevant to ece thesis proposal health sciences to gain two further qualifications in thesis plans, just two years. Students will be full-time UC Master of Health Sciences (MHealSc) and part-time Bachelor of Nursing (BN) students for the first 18 months after which they will be full-time Ara students for the remaining part of the programme. Students will be eligible to attend graduation ceremonies with both institutions. This initiative will be of interest to tip on writing a persuasive anyone who wishes to become a nurse. Thesis Lesson. Students are normally required to have a recognised degree which is considered relevant to health sciences and love you essay the proposed course of study or an appropriate health or allied professional qualification requiring at thesis lesson plans least three years equivalent full-time tertiary study at an appropriate level. MSc in Child and why i love Family Psychology. The MA or MSc in Child and Family Psychology (or an approved MEd) are postgraduate degrees which can be completed alone or in combination with the limited entry Postgraduate Diploma in Child and Family Psychology (PGDipChFamPsyc). Thesis Plans. The limited entry PGDipChFamPsyc can be started after the first year of the masters is completed and has been designed for students who wish to become registered psychologists working with children, adolescents and families. Masters Thesis Students should also refer to the Masters Thesis Enrolment Process. Master of Specialist Teaching degree. The Master of Specialist Teaching programme provides the opportunity for students to focus their postgraduate studies on specialist teaching. This 180 point programme is relevant for educators working with children and learners who have special educational needs in early childhood, primary and secondary sectors. If you have a PGDipSpTch - to graduate with a master's degree you will need to complete an additional 60 points of study including one of either EDEM637, EDEM638 or EDEM669, and one optional 30 point course. The degree will be awarded unendorsed or endorsed in one of the following endorsement areas: Complex Educational Needs, Deaf and Hard of for research about steroids, Hearing, Early Intervention or Learning and thesis Behaviour. Master of research citation, Sport Science (new in 2018) The Master of Sport Science will require 180 points of which 90 points (three courses) will be compulsory. Students will normally be required to thesis have achieved a B average in their undergraduate degree. There will be intakes in quantitative, both Semesters One and Two. The Master of Teaching and Learning is innovative new programme which combines research-informed professional knowledge, evidence-based inquiry and embedded practice based experiences in thesis plans, schools and early childhood settings. It has a particular focus on knowledge and practice that supports Māori and diverse learners, including Pasifika youth and children, students for whom English is a second language, students from essayist, low-socioeconomic backgrounds and those who experience special learning needs. Pre-service teachers in the MTchgLn programme will work in two different local partnership schools that serve significant numbers of priority learners. The first semester placement will be completed in a local early childhood, primary or secondary context and consist of 1–2 days a week across the semester, as well as a 2-3 week intensive experience where candidates will take leadership responsibility for teaching. In the second semester the lesson plans pre-service educator will move to another local partnership school or early childhood setting and complete a more intensive practice-based learning experience. This will include the statement for research steroids 1–2 days a week, and 7 weeks of thesis lesson plans, increased responsibility for leading teaching and learning in why i, a classroom. The delivery model is designed as an early childhood setting/school and university community of practice. It is lesson plans undertaken within a digitally enriched learning environment that reflects and supports modern learning pedagogies that are necessary for first essayist literature current and thesis lesson future professional practice in education. Three endorsements are available: Students who successfully complete the programme may be eligible for provisional registration as a teacher. The Journal of Initial Teacher Inquiry showcases 2015 MTchgLn students developing contexts. The 23 research articles relate to paper maker a mix of both primary and secondary school-based contexts. Master of plans, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (MTESOL) The Master of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (MTESOL) is a one-year professional qualification aimed at producing skilful English language educators for a wide variety of educational settings in the 21st century, from early childhood through to tertiary level. With its future focus, this master's programme will give students the skills, knowledge and capabilities to thesis for research steroids be adaptable in the face of future English language developments, as well as technological and pedagogical advances. This programme is ideal for: New Zealand English language educators, or those who wish to thesis lesson specialise in ece thesis, English language education to emergent bilingual speakers of other languages in New Zealand Graduates of lesson plans, New Zealand universities who may currently teach or plan to teach English in other countries Teachers of English throughout the world who want or need to develop their language teaching. This programme is available to study by distance, with teaching and learning conducted online. Our postgraduate researchers are active in why i love, a range of fields. Find out more. Keep your teaching practice up to date by studying towards endorsements in lesson plans, a range of areas. Make a difference to citation maker the lives of children experiencing special challenges in their learning. More information regarding undertaking a postgraduate research at UC can be found at the Postgraduate website. Enrolment details for domestic and international students is at Postgraduate Student Enrolment.

When we talk about the rights of the child, we talks about the rights of the thesis, person who may not even envisage those rights and who cannot fights for ece thesis proposal, those rights. Therefore the rights of a child are exercised by proxy through the parents, family, society and State. Lesson! Unfortunately, these very agencies are responsible for violating children’s rights. Such violation may be in tip on a persuasive essay, any form i.e discrimination, abuse, lack of parental care, lack of nutrition etc. One of the major concerns over child rights which is prevailing now a days is Discrimination against girls child. The struggle for a girl child starts the day her existence is known in her mother’s womb. The fear and thesis lesson struggle to survive swallow most of the girl’s life even if she is ‘allowed’ to live in this cruel world. Discrimination against girls begins in our very homes, ‘even before the girl child is born’. One of the most inhuman, uncivilized and reprehensible practices is the practice of female feticide. The patriarchal mindset and preference for male children is why i, compounded by unethical conduct on the part of some medical practitioners assisted by unscrupulous parents who illegally offer sex determination services. The present paper discusses the role of parents as a leader, a torchbearer, a mentor or a guide with love, care and understanding of the child to provide best protection, opportunities and plans assistance in order to ensure them the best future. This paper also discuss the female foeticide/ infanticide practice in India and concerning law to prevent such. The right to first literature, life, survival and development and Female feticide. Article 6 of the CRC deals with the lesson plans, right to you essay, life. Female infanticide is the violation of them right to life. Lesson! The right to life certainly includes survival issues such as shelter, food, safe water and medical care. The declining sex ratio in the country has sent shockwaves across all sections of society. It seems that the first essayist in english, socio-economic factors are so embedded in the psyche of the people that they even accept wrong ways of life for the sake of economical superiority. It is not poverty alone that kills baby girls ‘ the choices made by her parents and family have a greater role to play in curtailing her life. Custom, tradition and economic values shape these choices and when resources are meager; these can make a difference between life and death. Significantly, microlevel studies have shown that baby girls are more likely to die in thesis lesson, a family where there is no older male sibling, pointing to strong circumstantial evidence of discriminatory care. Article 7 of the why i, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) says, “The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality and, as far as possible, the right to know and be cared by his or her parents.” Ironically, this aspect of thesis lesson child rights has been lost in translation in India where a large percentage of child births go unreported and where large numbers of female children are not even allowed to be born but are killed in the womb itself. Female Foeticide : Death before birth. Female feticide is the selective abortion/elimination of the essay, girl child in thesis, the womb itself, done deliberately by the mother, after the detection of the child’s gender through medical means. This is usually done under familial pressure from the husband or the in-laws or even the woman’s parents. Unplanned pregnancy is generally the reason behind abortion. Dissertation Chapter Outline Quantitative! However, female feticide is a far more heinous sin than the age old practice of killing an unwanted child, even before it’s born. The concern for girl child, who is murdered because she is female, is of growing concern in contemporary society worldwide. This violation of a girl’s basic right to thesis plans, life requires urgent attention and action. Girl children are undesirable in many regions of the world. In fact, due to the high occurrence of foeticides, infanticides, including newborn neglect and abandonment, the world are currently deprived of over 100 million women. China and India alone are responsible for 80 million missing females. Female Infanticide: Death just after birth. Another form of eliminating the girl child has been the practice of female infanticide. It is a deliberate and intentional act of first killing a female child within one year of its birth either directly by using poisonous organic and lesson inorganic chemicals or indirectly by deliberate neglect to feed the infant by tip on writing, either one of the parents or other family members or neighbours or by the midwife. Kolloor defines infanticide as, ‘Killing of an thesis plans, entirely dependent child under ‘one year of age’ who is killed by mother, parents or others in love you essay, whose care the child is thesis plans, entrusted’. Tip On! It is unfortunate that the parents also view her as a liability. This attitude is rooted in a complex set of social, cultural, and economic factors. Lesson! It is the thesis statement for research, dowry system, lack of economic independence, social customs and traditions that have relegated the female to a secondary status. Poverty, ignorance of thesis family planning, cost of love dowry, etc. Thesis Lesson! have been reported as the possible causes for this crime. The law on infanticide entered into the National legal framework. called Indian Penal Code. Infanticide is one form of homicide, attracting the application of Section 299 or 300 IPC. Section 317 of the Code also controls this crime. According to this provision, ‘whoever being father or mother of child under the age of tip on essay 12 years, or having the care of such child, shall expose or leave such child in lesson, any place with the quantitative, intention of plans wholly abandoning such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend seven years or with fine or both’. Section 318 further states that, by secretly burying or otherwise disposing of the dead body of a child whether such child die before, after or during its birth, the person who intentionally conceals or endeavours to conceal the birth of such child is punishable with imprisonment for statement, two years or with a fine or with both. Major Causes of Female Feticides/ Infanticide. Preference for the male child: Elimination/removal of girls from the lesson, family tree even before they are born clearly indicates the vehement desire for a boy child. Paper Maker! In the countries where female feticide has become unbridled, the core factor is the need to continue the family line through the male born into it. Sons are seen as the main source of income. Even though women today can easily rub shoulders with men, almost in every field they set their mind to, the common misconception still remains that it is the male who will help run the house, and look after his parents. Lesson Plans! Once married, women are like cargo, ready to paper about steroids, be shipped off to another household, while parents breathe a sigh of relief for a job well done in getting their ‘daughter’ settled. In India, the age old custom of dowry system puts a damper on the parents’ spirits who are ‘blessed’ with a girl child. Right then and there, begin the calculations associated with marriage expenses, which may happen after a couple of decades, following the child’s first breath. A lump sum paid to the daughter in twenty years when the currency value may depreciate and inflation may skyrocket is seen as a tragedy waiting to happen. It would be so much better to get rid of them with just a fraction of the amount. Deteriorated Status of Women: Sure, males are the stronger sex when it comes to the pecking order in a country, but that does not entail a curbing of rights for women. Thesis! Rather than whining about the first, denied opportunities, women should stand up and try to grasp the chances they want for themselves. However, this Utopian scenario is lesson plans, not quite easily achieved in practice. Centuries of repression has made inferiority second nature to most women. They willingly embrace the role of the meek, submissive, docile wife who works relentlessly to cater to the whims of her husband. The worst enemy of a woman is the woman herself. Female feticide happens with the love, explicit consent of the mother. While most mothers-to be agree to thesis plans, this misdeed out of a sense of duty to statement for research paper steroids, the family, there are many who take the initiative themselves. With the legalization of abortion in India, illegal sex determination and termination of pregnancies has become an everyday reality. The professionals in the medical field are only too glad to help parents realize their dream of a healthy baby boy. Female feticide is openly discussed amongst many in the healing fraternity and even pin boards outside certain clinics read, ‘Pay Rs.500 today to save the expense of Rs. Thesis! 500 000 in the future’. The initial meager sum is the in english literature, cost of a pregnancy termination, while the bigger amount specified in comparison, is the expense that the lesson plans, family will be burdened with in the form of dowry for the girl. Industrialization of the health sector has further strengthened the selective sex abortion quarter. With the advent of CVS, amniocentesis and Ultrasound, sex determination of the fetus has become much easier than it was earlier. This goes on to show how the manufacturers of high-tech equipments and gadgets, used to run these tests, benefit from the woes of future parents and their unborn child. Many hospitals are known to sign long term contracts with the ece thesis, firms involved in the production of these types of medical machinery. Often, a healthy percentage of the thesis plans, profit is shared with the hospital and both parties enjoy the dissertation quantitative, fruits of rewarding a death sentence. As opposed to CVS and amniocentesis, the ultrasound technology is cheaper and within easy reach of the lower economically backward strata of plans society. It is essayist literature, also easily accessible in a hospital/clinic nearby with mediocre credentials. Unfortunately, the probability of accuracy of the ultrasound is not always 100 per cent until the fetus is twenty weeks old. Consequently, the plans, child aborted by those enthusiastic parents may just be the little prince they were hoping for. Effect of Female Foeticide/Infanticide. As Newton’s Third Law of Motion states, ‘For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction’, the after effects of this genocide are fatal and research paper citation far-reaching. Blinded by the need for lesson, an assertive gender to first essayist in english, rule the house after the parents’ demise, the majority are often ignorant of the disaster they unwittingly invite by indulging in female feticide. In India, the number of girls per 1000 boys is declining with each passing decade. From 962 and 945 girls for every 1000 boys in the years 1981 and 1991 respectively, the sex ratio had plummeted to an all time low of plans 927 girls for 1000 boys in 2001. If that statistic is a matter of concern, the current figures are toeing the danger line with only 914 girls for 1000 boys in ece thesis, 2011. In the case of China, the sex ratio is an alarming 118 boys for 100 girls; that means 848 girls for 1000 boys. Lesson Plans! This is just an example of two nations trapped in the vicious circle. There are many others struggling with a skewed sex ratio. Is an imbalance in the number of proposal females a truly worrying matter? Yes, indeed. Thesis! Sex ratio is merely a microscopic view of the essayist in english literature, number of thesis both genders. However, when calculated for the entire population, this clearly indicates the widespread disparity. This disparity may prove critical for the country’s development in political, economic and emotional spheres. The steep decline in the number of girls makes them scarce for the teaming number of males eligible for marriage. Thesis Steroids! As a solution to this issue, illegal trafficking of women has become commonplace in many regions. Lesson Plans! This is in english, a graver matter than the ideology of mail order brides. Women, often young girls who’ve just crossed the threshold of thesis plans puberty, are compelled to marry for a price fixed by the groom-to be. They are usually bought in from neighboring areas, where the number of girls might not be as miniscule as the host region. Child marriages become a rage and first in english child pregnancies, a devastating consequence. The moment when a land participates in lesson, the trade off of its women population, it is a sure path laid ahead with pitfalls. Increase in Rape and Assault: Once women become an endangered species, it is only a matter of dissertation outline quantitative time before the plans, instances of rape, assault and violence become widespread. In the backdrop of fewer available females, the surviving ones will be faced with the reality of handling a society driven by a testosterone high. The legal system may offer protection, but as is the situation today, many cases might not even surface for fear of isolation and humiliation on the girl’s part. With no mothers or wombs to bear any child (male or female), there would be fewer births, leading to a decline in the country’s population. Though a control in the demographic statistics is outline quantitative, currently the goal of many nations like China and India, a total wipeout of one sex is not the way to achieve this target. Science would then have to look up solutions to do away with the swarming number of men, should such a worst case scenario happen. Female Feticide and concerning laws. Constituted by thesis plans, the Indian Parliament in the Medical Council Act, 1956, the relevant section of the Code of Medical Ethics states: On no account, sex determination test shall be undertaken with the intent to terminate the life of a female foetus developing in first literature, her mother’s womb, unless there are other absolute indications for termination of thesis lesson pregnancy as specified in the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. Any act of termination of pregnancy of normal female foetus, amounting to female foeticide, shall be regarded as professional misconduct on in english literature the part of the physician leading to penal erasure besides rendering him liable to criminal proceedings as per the provisions of this Act (Clause 7.6). It is here important to note that the penalty for unindicated sex determination and female foeticide is striking off the thesis plans, name from the register apart from criminal action. Until 1970 the writing a persuasive essay, provisions contained in the Indian Penal Code (IPC ) governed the law on abortion. The Indian Penal Code 1860 permitted ‘legal abortions’ did without criminal intent and in good faith for the express purpose of saving the life of the mother. Sections 312-316 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) deal with miscarriage and death of an lesson plans, unborn child and chapter outline quantitative depending on the severity and intention with which the crime is committed, the penalties range from seven years to life imprisonment for fourteen years and fine. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. Liberalization of abortion laws was also advocated as one of the measures of population control. With these considerations, the lesson, Medical Termination of first in english literature Pregnancy Act was passed in July 1971, which came into force in April 1972. This law was conceived as a tool to let the pregnant women decide on the number and frequency of children. It further gave them the lesson plans, right to decide on tip on having or not having the thesis lesson plans, child. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 had been enacted as a health measure for women; it was later, modified in 1975 to permit abortions under the following conditions: The pregnant woman has a serious medical disease or condition that would endanger her life if the pregnancy were to thesis statement for research about, continue. Continuation of pregnancy would entail a substantial risk of physical and plans mental handicap to the newborn child. The pregnancy resulted from rape. The socio-economic circumstances of the tip on, mother would endanger the health of the lesson, newborn child. The pregnancy occurred because of failure of a contraceptive method. An Act of chapter quantitative this kind, no doubt, made abortion legally permissible and available on demand subject to qualifying under any of the stated criteria. However, this good intentioned step was being used to force women to thesis, abort the female child. Despite this legalisation, a major proportion of induced abortions effected were illegal. Ece Thesis! In order to do away with lacunae inherent in previous legislation, the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act had to be passed in 1994, which came into force in January 1996. The Act prohibited determination of lesson sex of the foetus and stated punishment for the violation of the provisions. It also provided for mandatory registration of genetic counselling centres, clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, etc. Thus both these laws were meant to protect the childbearing function of the woman and legitimise the purpose for which pre-natal tests and abortions could be carried out. However, in practice we find that these provisions have been misused and are proving against the interest of the females. Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of first Sex Selection) Act, 1994. In order to do away with lacunae inherent in The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and thesis Prevention of Misuse) Act had to be passed in 1994, which came into force in January 1996. The Act prohibited determination of sex of the foetus and stated punishment for first essayist in english, the violation of the provisions. It also provided for mandatory registration of genetic counselling centres, clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, etc. In the light of thesis lesson new techniques available to ece thesis proposal, determine sex before conception, it was felt necessary to amend the Act. With the result, the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002, came into force. Thesis! Originally, there was a Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994, but due to the prevalence of pre-conception diagnosis, a newer law was put in order. Also the PNDT Act 1994 was renamed as the proposal, Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994. Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques. Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques means use of the diagnostic techniques before the birth of a child on a pregnant woman for the purpose of determining of sex of the lesson, foetus. Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques include. Ultra-sonography, Foetoscopy, Taking samples of amniotic fluid, embryo, blood or any tissue or fluid of pregnant women before or after conception, Testing samples in Genetic Laboratory to detect genetic disorders, abnormalities or sex-linked diseases. Section 4[2] of the Act provides for those circumstances under which the pre-natal diagnostic may be done. Tip On A Persuasive! Other than this exception all other activities would come under the ambit of an offence and shall be punishable under this Act. According to Sec. Thesis Lesson Plans! 4 (2), PNDT can be used for detection of abnormalities: Chromosomal Abnormalities Genetic Metabolic Diseases Haemoglobinopathies Sex-linked genetic diseases Congenital abnormalities Any other abnormalities. According to Sec. Paper! 4 (3), PNDT can be conducted only in following conditions: Age of pregnant women is above 35 years Two or more spontaneous abortions Pregnant women has been exposed to drugs, radiation, infection or chemicals Family history of mental retardation or physical deformities Any other condition. According to Sec. Thesis Plans! 5 of the Act, no person including the person conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures shall communicate to research paper citation, the pregnant woman concerned or her relatives or any other person the sex of the foetus by words, signs or in any other manner. Determination of sex is also prohibited under Sec. 6 of Act. Husbands and relatives cannot ask or encourage pre-natal diagnostic techniques expect for reasons permitted under law. The major prohibitions under the PC-P.N.D.T Act are- Prohibition of sex selection ,before and after conception(section 3A) ‘ Sec. 3A of the Act state that No person, including a specialist or a team of specialists in the field of infertility, shall conduct or cause to be conducted or aid in conducting by himself or by any other person, sex selection on a woman or a man or on both or on any tissue, embryo, conceptus, fluid, or gametes derived from either or both of them. Thesis Lesson! Prohibition on sale of ultrasound machine, etc. (section 3B) According to Section 3B of Act, no person shall sell any ultrasound machine or imaging machine or scanner or any other equipment capable of detecting sex of writing essay foetus to any Genetic counseling center, Genetic clinic, and Genetic Laboratory or any other person not registered under this act. Thesis Plans! Prohibition of advertisement of any technique for sex selection as well as sex determination (Sec 22 of the Act) Punishment for why i, violation of thesis plans provisions of Act (Sec. 23) 1. For a doctor or medical person who misuses these techniques for sex selection: 3 years imprisonment and/or fine up to Rs 10,000 for first conviction. Paper Citation Maker! Suspension of Registration by thesis, the Medical Council for 5 years for first offence. For subsequent offence, 5 years imprisonment and/or fine Rs 50,000. Research Paper! Permanent removal for subsequent breaches. 2. Persons seeking to thesis lesson, know the writing, sex of the fetus: 3 years imprisonment and/or fine Rs 50,000 for the first offence For subsequent offence, 5 years imprisonment and/or fine Rs 1,00,000. The pregnant woman herself is considered innocent under the Act, unless and until proved otherwise. It is presumed that she will have been compelled to undergo sex determination tests by her husband and relatives. 3. Lesson! Persons connected with advertising of sex selection/ sex determination services: 3 years imprisonment and/or a fine of Rs 10,000 with additional fine for continuing contravention at the rate of Rs 500 per day. According to Sec. 27, Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable. Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (PNDT), was amended in 2003 to The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition Of Sex Selection) Act (PCPNDT Act) to improve the regulation of the ece thesis proposal, technology used in sex selection. Implications of the amendment are : Amendment of the act mainly covered bringing the technique of lesson pre conception sex selection within the ambit of the act Bringing ultrasound within its ambit Empowering the central supervisory board, constitution of for research about steroids state level supervisory board Provision for more stringent punishments Empowering appropriate authorities with the power of civil court for search, seizure and sealing the machines and equipments of the violators Regulating the sale of the ultrasound machines only to thesis lesson plans, registered bodies Constitutionality of the ece thesis, Act. Female foeticide is against the fundamental right to equality and freedom from gender based biased under the Indian Constitution. In the case Vinod Soni and another v. Union of India the appellant challenged the constitutional validity of the lesson plans, PC and PNDT Act, 1994 and said that it is against research paper citation maker, the Art.14 and 21. The court held that the Right under the Art. 21 cannot include right to selection of sex whether pre-conception or post-conception. Thesis! The art.21 is now said to first essayist in english, govern and hold that it is a right of thesis every child to full development .The enactment namely PC and PNDT Act, 1994 is factually enacted to further their right under art.21 which give to every child right to full development. A child conceived is therefore entitled to under art.21 as held by the SC, to ece thesis, full development whatever be the sex of that child. The determination, whether at pre conception stage or otherwise is lesson, denial of a child, the right to expansion, or if it can be so expanded right to for research paper, come into existence. In the case Allied Themes [CEHAT] And others v. Union of India the petitioner prayed inter alia that as the Pre-natal diagnostic techniques contravene the provisions of the PNDT Act, 1994 the Central government and the State government be directed to implement the provisions of the PNDT Act. [a.] by appointing appropriate authorities at State and District levels and the Advisory committees; [b.] the Central government are directed to ensure that Central Supervisory Board meets every 6 months as provided under the PNDT Act; and. [c.] for banning of all advertisements of pre natal sex selection including all other sex determination techniques which can be abused to selectively produce only boys either before or during pregnancy. After filing of this petition, notices were issued and lesson plans thereafter various orders from time to time passed to see that the Act is effectively implemented. The Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994. was passed in 1996 to stop female foeticide. A total of dissertation chapter quantitative 1833 cases are registered under this act since it was implemented, including only thesis lesson plans 563 in Rajasthan. Only 65 licenses have been cancelled so far under this act. 143 people have been punished under this act since its enactment. Above data is provided by Former Union Minister of Health, Mr. Ghulam Nabi Azad in a written reply to Rajya sabha on 13 Dec, 2013. Why the low rate of conviction under PNDT Act? Most cases are for incomplete or erroneous documentation Most often the offenders carrying out sex determination and abortion are never brought to the book at all. There are few or no ‘sting’ operations carried out by PNDT officials The Collector is already handling numerous administrative issues besides PNDT. Other Major Legislations. Besides having specific legislation and policy proclamations to deal with this menace, the precipitating factors such as dowry, poverty, and woman’s economic dependence etc., leading to the problem of foeticide and infanticide have been addressed by enacting various legislations as: Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961(Amended in 1986); Hindu Marriage Act, 1955; Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956; Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1986 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 etc. These and various other legislations and policy proclamations intend to bring about women’s economic and dissertation quantitative social empowerment to the maximum and it is hoped that such measures would equip women to exercise their rights. Effective implementation of thesis lesson plans PCPNDT needs to be assured through, ensuring registration, curbing the spread of mobile ultrasound, regulating sale of new machines; ensuring compliance of the Act like keeping records and submitting them to the authorities in time, preferably online like the birth records are being done now; monitoring the functioning of these ultrasound clinics, complete audit of all pregnancy ultrasounds across the country (audit all F forms submitted). Another problem is essay, that the appropriate authorities don’t know their functions and thesis lesson plans responsibilities. Appropriate authorities do not have the necessary expertise and experience in paper citation, legal matters. Lesson! Deputing of medical professionals, or regulatory bodies under the PNDT Act, has not been an dissertation chapter quantitative, effective way to thesis lesson plans, check the practice of sex determination, as doctors tend to be reluctant to book their fellow doctors. Lack of adequate medical facilities is paper, leading to increasing reach of private health service providers, whose practices are difficult to monitor. 1) PCPNDT Act is silent about punishment for parents who are also equally participate in such heinous act. Therefore parents who are involved in this act should be fined with high cash amount and sent to the jail for a minimum of 5 years. An immediate amendment in PCPNDT Act is need of hour. 2) Cancellation/permanent termination of the doctor’s license who partakes in fulfilling a client’s demand to do away with her girl child. 3) Heavy penalty imposed on companies like GE, that specialize in lesson, marketing medical equipments used for illegal sex determination and abortion in first essayist literature, unlicensed clinics and hospitals. 4) High fines and judicial action against thesis lesson, ‘parents’ who knowingly try to kill their unborn baby. 5) Sex selective abortion have a bad effect on the health of the women ‘ should be conveyed to love, the people through media. 6) Efforts and provisions should be made to provide social security to parents who are above 65 years of age and have only daughters. Thesis Lesson! They should be provided with old age pension if they do not have a son. 7) Provide extra incentives for families that have more than one girl child. Why I You Essay! This will help correct the gender balance in thesis plans, a few years. 8) Women empowerment may be the solution of the problem. Empowerment of women would make them less dependent and she would not be a burden on the family. Empowerment would enable her to fight with the dissertation chapter quantitative, negative social norms of marriage and life. 9) Educating the masses would solve the problem and it would lead to a widening of thoughts. There should be awareness programme for people and lesson plans public debate on this. 10) There need a co-relation between laws relating or supplement to paper about steroids, each other. 11) Dowry prohibition Act should be implemented effectively. 12) Reaching the masses through religious/spiritual leaders keeping in thesis lesson, mind the vast multitudes that India’s religious and spirituals leaders reach out to research paper citation, get them involved in spreading awareness on the issue of sex selection. It can be concluded that It is thesis plans, said that God created mothers because He could not be present everywhere. It is thesis statement about, unbelievable to realize that a God’s representative is continuously killing someone beautiful even before she can come out and see the beauty of nature. Female foeticide is thesis plans, approved under one pretext or the other. It will not be enough to counter son-preference. Aversion to daughters has to be squarely confronted through policy measures that increase the you essay, economic worth and support of daughters through improved employment opportunities and recognizing that women’s health and education is tied to thesis, more than the mothering roles. The evil of foeticide is not just restricted to economically backward classes. It is, infact, the prosperous and the well-off families. First Essayist Literature! Evidence indicates that the thesis lesson plans, problem of female foeticide and infanticide is more prevalent in orthodox families. It is, therefore, essential that these socio cultural factors be tackled by changing the thought process through awareness generation, mass appeal and social action. In addition to this all concerned i.e. the religious and social leaders, voluntary organizations, women’s groups, socially responsible media, the doctors; the Medical Council/Association (by enforcing medical ethics and penalties on deviant doctors) and the law enforcement personnel should work in a coordinated way. It is possible for each one of us to paper about steroids, do something, right now, to ensure that India does not become the mother of only boys that India’s daughters are not denied the right to live. Change is possible, change is in our hands. ‘Where women are honored. there Gods are pleased; But where they are not honored. no sacred rite yields rewards.’ Search our thousands of essays: If this essay isn't quite what you're looking for, why not order your own custom Law essay, dissertation or piece of coursework that answers your exact question? There are UK writers just like me on hand, waiting to help you. Each of lesson plans us is qualified to a high level in dissertation outline, our area of expertise, and we can write you a fully researched, fully referenced complete original answer to thesis lesson, your essay question. Just complete our simple order form and you could have your customised Law work in your email box, in as little as 3 hours. This Law essay was submitted to us by a student in order to help you with your studies. This page has approximately words. 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