ib extended essay table of contents format

EXTENDED ESSAY GUIDELINES. Mr. Crown's Advice Concerning Your Extended Essay. IN ORDER TO DO WELL ON THIS ASSIGNMENT YOU MUST READ THE EXTENDED ESSAY BOOKLET CAREFULLY. YOU ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW ALL OF THE IB GUIDELINES AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR YOUR ESSAY DETAILED IN THIS BOOKLET. IN PARTICULAR, EVERYONE MUST CAREFULLY READ PAGES 10-23 (GENERAL GUIDELINES AND GENERAL ASSESSMENT CRITERIA) AS WELL AS THE SUBJECT GUIDELINES AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR ESSAYS IN YOUR SPECIFIC SUBJECT AREA. FOLLOW THE BOOKLET CAREFULLY WHEN YOU WRITE YOUR ESSAY BECAUSE YOUR ADVISOR AND THE IB WILL REFER TO THE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA WHEN YOUR ESSAY IS GRADED. Also, read and follow the guidelines below. Title Page - Place the title ј of the college board essays way down from the top of the persuasive page. College Ap Euro. Remember that the title is not the same thing as your research question or topic. Think of an informative title which conveys the english senior thesis essence of your essay. In the bottom right corner of your paper include the following: Extended Essay Final Draft. Advisor: Mr. or Ms.________. Word Count: ______________. Abstract - The abstract should be no more than 300 words. It must be written in 3rd person. The. abstract is college board, a formal synopsis of your essay which explains the scope of orchard your investigation and states the research question and conclusion. Include a word count for the abstract at the bottom of the page. The abstract comes directly after the table of contents. Page Numbers – Page numbers must be included on each page except the title page. Use the “Insert” menu on Microsoft Word. Table of board essays Contents - The table of contents identifies each section of the paper (Abstract, Introduction, Body, Conclusion, Bibliography, Endnotes, Appendix, Illustrations, etc.) as well as topical subsections. Page numbers in the table of contents and paragraph essay outline, the essay must match. Include section and subsection headings labeled in bold throughout the essay to guide the reader and identify the different sections of the essay. Introduction - Introduce the topic and provide enough information about your topic in order to enable the reader to comprehend the significance of your research question. Each extended essay must have a research question . The research question is the central question you are trying to answer through your research and writing of the extended essay. This question, if properly composed, will enable you to board ap euro maintain your focus on a topic of narrow and interior dissertation topics, limited scope while also help you to maintain the purpose and orientation of board ap euro your entire investigation. The research question must be clearly and precisely stated in the early part of dissertation your extended essay. It must be sharply focused so that it is susceptible to effective treatment within the 4000 word limit. Your extended essay will be assessed in part according to the extent to which the essay appropriately addresses and college essays, develops the specific research question. The reader will also evaluate your success in collecting information relevant to the research question. Include the research question in the introduction stated precisely and focused in such a way that it is susceptible to effective treatment within the 4000 word limit. Establish the significance of the research question and ross school of business bba essay, explain why it is college essays, worthy of english senior study. You may also briefly discuss why your topic is college board ap euro essays, of significance to you personally. At the end of the introduction state your thesis (or hypothesis for english senior thesis science). Clearly identify the research question and thesis as such. Briefly and concisely preview your body by providing a “game plan” for the rest of the paper. The game plan briefly explains how you intend to answer the research question and support the thesis, that is, how you propose to proceed in the body. Thesis – This belongs in the introduction, preferably at the end. You must take a position, construct an argument based on evidence, and college board, defend your thesis. Paragraph Essay. The entire essay must be a response to your research question and a coherent, organized, structured, logical, critical, in-depth examination and defense of your thesis. Body (Methods and college ap euro essays, Results for science) - The body will differ depending on your subject. However for all essays the body be evaluated based on 1) your approach to the research question, 2) your analysis and senior, interpretation of evidence, including critical analysis and college board ap euro essays, evaluation of sources , and 3) your own argument and french essay skills, evaluation of college board essays this argument. SEE PAGES 19-20 of the Extended Essay Booklet and the Assessment Criteria for details. You must convincingly answer the research question and argue for your thesis, presenting evidence to ross school bba essay questions support your arguments. You must evaluate your sources and ap euro, demonstrate an paragraph, ability to think and write critically and analytically. You need to plan this section carefully so that you are able to present your arguments in an organized, structured, convincing body which is constructed upon evidence. Evidence includes historical evidence derived from primary and secondary historical sources, textual evidence from a work of literature, and college board, scientific data and the results of experiments and research. Conclusion - The conclusion must be clearly stated and relevant to the research question. It must also be consistent with the thesis and its explanation and development presented in the essay. Where appropriate the conclusion indicates unresolved questions and new questions that have emerged from your research. This is more than a summary. Review how you have demonstrably and school of business, convincingly supported your thesis and answered the research question. Concisely restate your key points and discuss the broader implications of the thesis. How have you satisfactorily answered the research question? Illustrations, data, charts, graphs, etc. - If you plan to college board essays include these make sure they are labeled and listed in the table of contents, and make sure you discuss their significance and cherry orchard, relevance in the text of the essay. Appendix - Please note that IB readers are not required to read the appendix thoroughly, so all essential information must be in the body of your essay. Documentation - You must include footnotes, endnotes, or parenthetical citations. College Ap Euro. You also must include a bibliography. Documentation must be completed with meticulous concern for accuracy. Use your Guide to Writing Research Papers or the online Chicago Style Guide and orchard essay, make sure everything is in the correct style and format. Avoid accusations of plagiarism by treating documentation with the seriousness it deserves. In the bibliography include only sources you have cited in the essay. You need at least 15 sources, five of which must be articles from scholarly journals. College. The bibliography must be alphabetical by the author’s last name. Narrative Papers. Literature essays need six sources and may use in-text citations. Good history essays will have 30 to 40 footnotes and college board ap euro, 15 sources. All history essay footnotes must follow the interior topics Chicago Style Guide . This draft must be typed double spaced in 12 pt. Font and be as close to 4000 words as possible without going over the limit. The 4000 words includes the Introduction, Body, Conclusion, and any quotations. Ap Euro Essays. It does not include the Abstract, Acknowledgements, Table of Contents, Illustrations, Bibliography, Footnotes, Endnotes, or Appendices. Use Times New Roman or Courier font or a similar font; nothing fancy, flashy, or difficult for the eyes. Use black ink. The essay must look neat and not sloppy. Do not use run-on sentences and orchard, paragraphs that are too long and ap euro, attempt to treat too many topics. Do not allow careless grammatical and spelling errors to lower your grade. Paragraphs must be topical, readable, and of reasonable length. Thesis. The essay must be structured and organized logically with all arguments and analysis presented and developed in a systematic fashion and order. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs to link the paragraphs, arguments, and sections of your paper. College Ap Euro. Use a spelling checker and make sure several competent people proofread your essay. Your extended essay must address each of the following questions. What is your research question? Why is the research question significant and worthy of study? Why is the research question significant to you personally? What is your thesis? What is your game plan for the rest of the essay? What is the background information needed in ross bba essay questions, order to board understand your research question and thesis? What are the distinct elements of your thesis? How can the thesis be divided and broken down into parts? What are the narrative central arguments you will make to defend your thesis? What are the topical subsections of ap euro essays your body? Outline each subsection of the body. How does each subsection build upon the previous subsection and lead up to the next? How does each subsection contribute to five paragraph persuasive your defense of your thesis? What evidence will you present to support your arguments and college, thesis? What are your key sources? How will you integrate the evaluation of your sources in the Body? How will you integrate critical analysis into your Body? How have you sufficiently answered the essay research question and defended your thesis? What are the college board ap euro major strengths of your thesis and your analysis and defense of it in your essay? What could you have done better in the essay? Evaluate your own work critically. What are the new questions and unresolved questions which have arisen from your research and analysis? Include only those sources you have cited in the essay.

A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by college board Voltaire Essay. Not everything is all for the best. The novel Candide by Voltaire delved into the miseries of narrative, men, politics and religion where every unfortunate event that happens to the individual is to be accepted since it is all for the best. Many times in the novel, Candide’s esteemed professor, Pangloss remarked that “Everything is all for the best”. For his part, Voltaire seems to be questioning the concept of fatalism. Fatalism is the view that individuals are powerless to do anything other that what we actually do. It seems ironic that Candide remains optimistic despite all that he had experienced; the banishment from the castle, the flogging by the soldiers and college board ap euro essays, the sinking of the ship. All these events would have made a weaker man fall on his knees and curse the narrative, heavens; but not Candide. Essays! After all, everything is for the best. Nevertheless, Candide retains his goodwill, generosity and five paragraph essay, ironically, his optimism. The concept of fatalism is taking the easy way out. There are many instances where Candide could have avoided such unfortunate circumstances; like losing his sheep as well as his treasure. Not only that, he squandered his remaining treasure to unworthy individuals. Another instance was when Candide was flogged. He merely accepted it. He was thinking along the lines that everything is all for college the best. But to think about it, how unjust is it to be lashed a thousand times for being misunderstood as deserting. In some way, Voltaire was criticizing citizens who could accept the unjust and cherry orchard, irrational decisions of their government. In connection with the idea of college board essays, fatalism is the concept of five paragraph, free will. If humans were given the gift of free will, then the idea that everything is all for the best would be inconsistent. A person who has free will would be capable of shaping his or her own destiny. In lieu of this, Candide should be able to change the events that weren’t suppose to happen to him or if they did happen, then the result would not have been so disastrous or it could have at least been minimized. One example had been where Candide stabbed the Baron, Cunegonde’s brother. He could have restrained himself and could have conducted an board oral argument instead. Persuasive! What Candide did was rash and unwise that it was no surprise that it would end disastrously. Today, a person is expected to act and speak tactfully. There would be chaos if everyone wanted to have their own way. Another example was when Candide and his companion were nearly eaten by the Oreillons but were saved because he killed a Jesuit, Cunegonde’s brother, the Baron. In this time, Candide thanked his good fortune for killing a Jesuit to board avoid being eaten. It should have crossed his mind that if he had not stabbed the Baron, then they would have not been in that situation in the first place. It is thesis easy to blame every happening in life as part of a grand plan. That everything is destined and college essays, fated. But if it is, then why is there free will? It could not merely be some trick to man to essay skills think that he has control over the events in life. Constant striving to be better is what makes the world go round. The discovery of ap euro essays, unknown places and uncharted waters are the product of motivation and english, will of men. In essence, man’s free will is the reason. All the college ap euro essays, consequences of one’s actions are due to one’s interactions. Candide’s optimism, naivete and innocence may have drawn its source from Mademoiselle Cunegonde. She’s beautiful and charming and guileless. To Candide, she’s the narrative papers, one reason to remain living despite all the miseries of the college ap euro, world. In some ways, she had also been the interior dissertation, reason why in the later part of the novel, Candide encountered many unfortunate events. He even left the utopian world of El Dorado just to be with his beloved Cunegonde. Cunegonde symbolizes Candide’s optimism. In the novel, Voltaire also portrays the human being’s love of life. The old woman was acknowledged as the person who encountered the most unfortunate miseries. Board! However, in spite of all that, she’s admits that she still loves life and never would she have killed herself. The “All for the best” concept was finally refuted and rejected by Candide. Narrative! In the novel, Pangloss said to Candide “ All events are linked up in this best of all possible worlds; for, if you had not been expelled from the noble castle by college hard kicks in your backside for love of Mademoiselle Cunegonde, if you had not been clapped into english thesis, the Inquisition, if you had not wandered about America on foot, if you had not stuck your sword in the Baron, if you had not lost all your sheep from the land of El Dorado, you would not be eating candied citrons and pistachios here”. Upon which Candide replied, “Tis well said, but we must cultivate our gardens”. (Voltaire, 1949) This shows that nothing happens without a reason. College Ap Euro Essays! Many times in design dissertation topics the novel, cause and college board ap euro, effect was mentioned. That is correct; everything that happens would have an equal effect. Every action has an equal reaction. Even as simple as growing fruits and vegetables is equivalent to days and design topics, nights of hard work. They did not just magically appear from the college ap euro, ground or fallen from english thesis, heaven. It’s the same with what happened to college board Candide and his companions. Five Paragraph Persuasive Outline! Some events may have been the act of God, but it is college up to man to ensure that everything would be all right. Rice, H., “Fatalism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fatalism/ Voltaire (1949). The portable Voltaire (B.R.Redman, Ed.). Canada: McMillan. University/College: University of California. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter. Date: 16 March 2017. Let us write you a custom essay sample on A Thesis Statement on of business, the novel Candide by Voltaire. for only $16.38 $13.9/page. Haven't found the Essay You Want? Get your custom essay sample. 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sigmund freud homosexuality essay

Religious teachings soon were incorporated into legal sanctions. Many of the early American colonies, for college board ap euro, example, enacted stiff criminal penalties for sodomy, an umbrella term that encompassed a wide variety of sexual acts that were nonprocreative (including homosexual behavior), occurred outside of marriage (e.g., sex between a man and woman who were not married), or violated traditions (e.g., sex between husband and wife with the woman on top). The statutes often described such conduct only in Latin or with oblique phrases such as "wickedness not to be named"). In some places, such as the New Haven colony, male and writing female homosexual acts were punishable by death (e.g., Katz, 1976). By the college board ap euro essays, end of the 19th century, medicine and psychiatry were effectively competing with religion and the law for jurisdiction over english, sexuality. As a consequence, discourse about homosexuality expanded from the realms of college board essays sin and crime to include that of pathology. This historical shift was generally considered progressive because a sick person was less blameful than a sinner or criminal (e.g., Chauncey, 1982/1983; D'Emilio & Freedman, 1988; Duberman, Vicinus, & Chauncey, 1989). Even within medicine and psychiatry, however, homosexuality was not universally viewed as a pathology. Richard von Krafft-Ebing described it as a degenerative sickness in his Psychopathia Sexualis , but Sigmund Freud and Havelock Ellis both adopted more accepting stances. Early in papers, the twentieth century, Ellis (1901) argued that homosexuality was inborn and therefore not immoral, that it was not a disease, and that many homosexuals made outstanding contributions to society (Robinson, 1976). "Homosexuality is assuredly no advantage, but it is nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation, it cannot be classified as an illness; we consider it to be a variation of the sexual function produced by a certain arrest of college sexual development. Many highly respectable individuals of ancient and modern times have been homosexuals, several of the greatest men among them (Plato, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, etc.). It is a great injustice to persecute homosexuality as a crime, and cruelty too. "If [your son] is unhappy, neurotic, torn by conflicts, inhibited in his social life, analysis may bring him harmony, peace of mind, full efficiency whether he remains a homosexual or gets changed. " (reprinted in Jones, 1957, pp. 208-209, from the American Journal of Psychiatry , 1951, 107 , 786). This procedure compromises the design, validity of the psychoanalytic conclusions in at least two important ways. First, the analyst's theoretical orientations, expectations, and personal attitudes are likely to college ap euro bias her or his observations. Cherry Orchard Essay. To avoid such bias, scientists take great pains in ap euro, their studies to cherry ensure that the researchers who actually collect the data do not have expectations about how a particular research participant will respond. An example is the "double blind" procedure used in many experiments. Such procedures have not been used in clinical psychoanalytic studies of homosexuality. A second problem with psychoanalytic studies is that they have only examined homosexuals who were already under psychiatric care – in other words, homosexuals who were seeking treatment or therapy. Patients, however, cannot be assumed to be representative of the board ap euro, general population. Narrative Papers. Just as it would be inappropriate to draw conclusions about all heterosexuals based only on data from board ap euro essays heterosexual psychiatric patients, we cannot generalize from observations of homosexual patients to the entire population of gay men and lesbians. As with Kinsey, whether this proportion applies to all human societies cannot be known because a nonprobability sample was used. However, the findings of Ford and Beach demonstrate that homosexual behavior occurs in many societies and is not always condemned (see also Herdt, 1984; Williams, 1986). A common conclusion in their wartime studies was that, in cherry orchard, the words of college board essays Maj. Carl H. Senior. Jonas, who studied fifty-three white and board ap euro seven black men at english senior thesis, Camp Haan, California, "overt homosexuality occurs in a heterogeneous group of individuals." Dr. Clements Fry, director of the Yale University student clinic, and Edna Rostow, a social worker, who together studied the service records of 183 servicemen, discovered that there was no evidence to support the common belief that "homosexuality is college ap euro, uniformly correlated with specific personality traits" and concluded that generalizations about the homosexual personality "are not yet reliable." . Sometimes to their amazement, [researchers] described what they called the paragraph persuasive outline, "well-adjusted homosexuals" who, in [William] Menninger's words, "concealed their homosexuality effectively and, at the same time, made creditable records for themselves in the service." Some researchers spoke in glowing terms of college board essays these men. "The homosexuals observed in the service," noted Navy doctors Greenspan and english senior thesis Campbell, "have been key men in responsible positions whose loss [by discharge] was acutely felt in their respective departments." They were "conscientious, reliable, well-integrated and abounding in emotional feeling and sincerity." In general, "the homosexual leads a useful productive life, conforming with all dictates of the community, except its sexual requirements" and was "neither a burden nor a detriment to society." Fry and Rostow reported that, based on evidence in service records, homosexuals were no better or worse than other soldiers and that many "performed well in college, various military jobs" including combat (Berube, 1990, pp. Five. 170-171, footnotes omitted). Today, a large body of published empirical research clearly refutes the notion that homosexuality per se is indicative of or correlated with psychopathology. One of the first and most famous published studies in this area was conducted by psychologist Evelyn Hooker. Unaware of each subject's sexual orientation, two independent Rorschach experts evaluated the men's overall adjustment using a 5-point scale. They classified two-thirds of the college board ap euro, heterosexuals and two-thirds of the homosexuals in the three highest categories of adjustment. When asked to identify which Rorschach protocols were obtained from homosexuals, the experts could not distinguish respondents' sexual orientation at a level better than chance. A third expert used the TAT and papers MAPS protocols to evaluate the psychological adjustment of the men. As with the Rorschach responses, the adjustment ratings of the board, homosexuals and heterosexuals did not differ significantly. Hooker concluded from her data that homosexuality is not a clinical entity and that homosexuality is not inherently associated with psychopathology. Hooker's findings have since been replicated by many other investigators using a variety of research methods. Cherry. Freedman (1971), for example, used Hooker's basic design to study lesbian and heterosexual women. Board Ap Euro. Instead of papers projective tests, he administered objectively-scored personality tests to the women. His conclusions were similar to those of college ap euro essays Hooker. Although some investigations published since Hooker's study have claimed to support the cherry orchard, view of homosexuality as pathological, they have been methodologically weak. Many used only college ap euro, clinical or incarcerated samples, for narrative, example, from which generalizations to the population at college ap euro essays, large are not possible. Others failed to safeguard the cherry orchard essay, data collection procedures from possible biases by the investigators – for example, a man's psychological functioning would be evaluated by college board, his own psychoanalyst, who was simultaneously treating him for his homosexuality. Some studies found differences between homosexual and heterosexual respondents, and persuasive essay outline then assumed that those differences indicated pathology in board, the homosexuals. For example, heterosexual and homosexual respondents might report different kinds of childhood experiences or family relationships. It would then be assumed that the patterns reported by design dissertation, the homosexuals indicated pathology, even though there were no differences in psychological functioning between the two groups. Confronted with overwhelming empirical evidence and changing cultural views of homosexuality, psychiatrists and college ap euro psychologists radically altered their views, beginning in the 1970s. Subsequently, a new diagnosis, ego-dystonic homosexuality , was created for narrative papers, the DSM's third edition in college board ap euro, 1980. Ego dystonic homosexuality was indicated by: (1) a persistent lack of interior design topics heterosexual arousal, which the board, patient experienced as interfering with initiation or maintenance of senior thesis wanted heterosexual relationships, and (2) persistent distress from college essays a sustained pattern of french essay writing skills unwanted homosexual arousal. This new diagnostic category, however, was criticized by mental health professionals on numerous grounds. It was viewed by college, many as a political compromise to appease those psychiatrists – mainly psychoanalysts – who still considered homosexuality a pathology. Others questioned the appropriateness of having a separate diagnosis that described the content of an individual's dysphoria. They argued that the psychological problems related to ego-dystonic homosexuality could be treated as well by other general diagnostic categories, and five paragraph persuasive outline that the existence of the diagnosis perpetuated antigay stigma. Moreover, widespread prejudice against homosexuality in the United States meant that many people who are homosexual go through an initial phase in which their homosexuality could be considered ego dystonic. College. According to the American Psychiatric Association, "Fears and narrative misunderstandings about homosexuality are widespread. [and] present daunting challenges to the development and maintenance of a positive self-image in gay, lesbian and bisexual persons and college essays often to their families as well." In 1986, the diagnosis was removed entirely from the DSM. The only vestige of papers ego dystonic homosexuality in college board, the revised DSM-III occurred under Sexual Disorders Not Otherwise Specified, which included persistent and marked distress about one's sexual orientation (American Psychiatric Association, 1987; see Bayer, 1987, for an account of the events leading up to the 1973 and 1986 decisions). The foregoing should not be construed as an argument that sexual minority individuals are free from mental illness and psychological distress. Indeed, given the stresses created by a level, sexual stigma and essays prejudice, it would be surprising if some of interior them did not manifest psychological problems (Meyer, 2003). The data from some studies suggest that, although most sexual minority individuals are well adjusted, nonheterosexuals may be at somewhat heightened risk for depression, anxiety, and related problems, compared to exclusive heterosexuals (Cochran & Mays, 2006). Unfortunately, because of the way they were originally designed, most of college board essays these studies do not yield information about whether and to what extent such risks might be greater for various subgroups within the sexual minority population (e.g., individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual versus those who do not; bisexuals versus lesbians and gay men). In future research, it will be important to compare different sexual minority groups in order to understand how so many individuals withstand the stresses imposed by sexual prejudice, and to identify effective strategies for treating those with psychological problems. For a discussion of how the Kinsey data came to senior thesis be widely understood as supporting the ten percent figure, see Voeller (1990). College. Support for the ten percent figure was also provided by english senior, Paul Gebhard (director of the Kinsey Institute) in a 1977 memo to the National Gay Task Force.